Laboratoratory of Molecular Morphogenesis
Assoc. Prof. Marcela Buchtová, Ph. D.
Knowledge of developmental processes is key to understand the causes of developmental abnormalities or to uncover the origin and diversification of lineage-specific structures during vertebrate evolution.
Our laboratory focuses on fundamental morphogenetic processes in organogenesis with special interest in the formation of craniofacial structures and limb patterning. Novel molecules and unique roles for known molecules are investigated during cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation and cell death. Particular attention is paid to hard tissue development, including teeth (odontogenesis) and bones (osteogenesis).
Physiological aspects at molecular and cellular levels are investigated and related developmental disorders are examined. Along with increasing longevity of the human population, complications related to bone and dental tissue such as osteoporosis and tooth loss become a significant medical and scientific issue. We use in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches in several experimental models including mice, pig, chicken and chameleon embryos to reveal underlying developmental mechanisms. The effort of LMM is also to contribute to recent knowledge in basic and biomedical research with links to practical applications in tissue repair and regeneration.
Ongoing Projects
Teeth develop through reciprocal interactions between the neural crest-derived mesenchyme and the ectoderm of the oral cavity. The recent project focuses on the signalling processes between these structures that underlay successional dentition development. Our aim is to uncover developmental processes contributing to the replacement tooth formation and their comparison in species with two and multiple tooth generations with aim to reveal species-specific differences, which underlay early regression of dental lamina in animals with limited number of successional generations. We also focus on the role of angiogenesis in lamina regression and molecular base of lamina asymmetrical growth into the mesenchyme, which is crucial for establishing of necessary space for successional tooth initiation. Understanding how tooth number is controlled is an important step in our understanding of developmental defects that arise during this process in human.
Tooth replacement in Vertebrates is initiated from a dental lamina. Lifetime and morphology of the dental lamina differ among species depending on how many generations of teeth are initiated during the animal’s life. In recent project, we analyze the localization of SOX2 and LGR5-positive stem cell niche during early odontogenesis and the fate of these cells. Furthermore, we evaluate gene expression profile of LGR5-positive cells with aim to determine signals controlling the formation of the dental lamina. We use both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches to determine a role of WNT signaling in successional dental lamina initiation. We expect that uncovering of detail regulation of stem cells maintenance in the dental lamina can lead to the elucidation of the processes, which underlay species-specific potential to form certain number of tooth generations as well as the pathological conditions in human where replacement tooth formation is disrupted.
Sprouty proteins provide a control mechanism for appropriate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including FGF signaling pathway. Deficiencies in mouse Sprouties cause developmental abnormalities leading to hearing impairment, craniofacial defects, retarded postnatal growth or esophageal achalasia and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. In human, Sprouty2 has been identified to play a role in nephropathy, thanatophoric dysplasia and different types of cancer. Interestingly, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling hyperactivation syndromes and syndromes associated with primary cilia dysfunction share a range of common phenotypic manifestations, beside others, craniofacial and achondroplasia malformations. Our project is focused to characterize Sprouty proteins role during process of skeletogenesis. Further, we aim to analyze mouse model with deletion of Sprouty2 and Sprouty 4 to determine tissues and organs developmental defects implicated in ciliopathies and evaluate primary cilia associated signaling during morphogenesis in Sprouty deficient mice.
Carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx belong among the ten most common malignancies in human population. In this project, we focus on the most common squamous cell carcinoma. The prognosis of these malignancies is determined by the degree of invasiveness of the primary tumor and by the extent of metastatic spread into regional and distant lymph nodes. The intensity of perineural invasion correlates with tumor localization, its extent, and the presence of nodal metastases. In our project, we will focus on the detection of clinically relevant somatic mutations in patients with perineural invasion and the evaluation of early molecular markers during perineural invasion, which are expressed on the interface between tumor and surrounding tissues. Moreover, we analyze role of primary cilia and Sonic hedgehog paracrine signaling in tumorous cells and the effect of altered SHH signaling on perineural invasion. Our aim is to introduce new protocols into routine histopathological diagnostics aiming to predict future cell behavior, which will improve planning and management of the subsequent therapies in patients.
Available Master´s and PhD Projects
Research Team
Group leader:
Assoc. Prof. Marcela Buchtová, Ph. D.
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno
E-mail: buchtova@iach.cz
Telephone: +420 532 290 157
Office: UKB A36/112
Senior Researchers:
Putnová Iveta, MVDr., Ph.D.
Štembírek Jan, MUDr. et MUDr., Ph.D.
Postdocs:
Putnová Barbora, MVDr., Ph.D.
Hrubá Eva, Mgr., Ph.D.
Specialists:
Olbertová Kristýna, Mgr.
PhD Students:
Kristeková Daniela, Mgr.
Dubaić Marija, MSc.
Hurník Pavel, MUDr.
Landová Šulcová Marie, Mgr.
Nevoránková Petra, MDDr.
Bc and Master Students:
Hutečková Barbora, Bc.
Jandová Nela, Bc.
Szotkowská Tereza, Bc.
Smutná Tereza
Filušová Jana
Horanský Marek
Other Students:
Ševčíková Zuzana
Jedličková Adriena